Entrapment Neuropathy

Entrapment neuropathy is a condition in which a nerve becomes compressed, or entrapped, between two other structures in the body. Usually, the nerve is compressed between a ligament and a bone.

Repetitive motion can cause the ligament and bone to press or rub against the nerve. Over time, this damages the myelin sheath, which is a layer of tissue that covers the outside of the nerve. The myelin sheath helps the nerve transmit electrical signals, so when it is damaged, the nerve can’t function as well. The nerve’s reduced ability to transmit signals causes symptoms of numbness, tingling, burning, or weakness in the fingers or other extremities.

Although usually not serious, entrapment neuropathy can be painful and can seriously affect function if not treated.

Types of Entrapment Neuropathy

Entrapment neuropathy can be acute or chronic.

Acute entrapment neuropathy is usually caused by an injury, such as a sprain or a fracture, that moves bones or ligaments and causes them to compress the nerve.

Chronic entrapment neuropathy is usually caused by repetitive motion that affects an area where a nerve travels through a narrow space. These types are named for the area they impact.