Brachial Plexus Injury

The brachial plexus is the network of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. A brachial plexus injury occurs when these nerves are stretched, compressed, or in the most serious cases, ripped apart or torn away from the spinal cord.

Minor brachial plexus injuries, known as stingers or burners, are common in contact sports, such as football. Babies sometimes sustain brachial plexus injuries during birth. Other conditions, such as inflammation or tumors, may affect the brachial plexus.

The most severe brachial plexus injuries usually result from automobile or motorcycle accidents. Severe brachial plexus injuries can leave the arm paralyzed, but surgery may help restore function.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can vary greatly, depending on the severity and location of the injury. Usually only one arm is affected.

Less-severe injuries

Minor damage often occurs during contact sports, such as football or wrestling, when the brachial plexus nerves get stretched or compressed. These are called stingers or burners, and can produce the following symptoms:

• A feeling like an electric shock or a burning sensation shooting down the arm
• Numbness and weakness in the arm.

These symptoms usually last only a few seconds or minutes, but in some people the symptoms may linger for days or longer.

More-severe injuries

More-severe symptoms result from injuries that seriously hurt or even tear or rupture the nerves. The most serious brachial plexus injury occurs when the nerve root is torn from the spinal cord.

Signs and symptoms of more-severe injuries can include:

• Weakness or inability to use certain muscles in the hand, arm or shoulder.
• Complete lack of movement and feeling in the arm, including the shoulder and hand.
• Severe pain

When to see a doctor

Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. Even if yours seems minor, you may need medical care. See your health care provider if you have:

• Recurrent burners and stingers
• Weakness in the hand or arm
• Neck pain
• Symptoms in both arms